广西岩溶植被自然分布规律及对岩溶生态恢复重建的意义

The Spatial Pattern of Natural Vegetation in the Karst Regions of Guangxi and the Ecological Signality for Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

广西的岩溶植被类型和物种多样性丰富 ,分为 5个植被型组 8个植被型共 96个群系 ,广西岩溶植被纬度分布由南至北为季节性雨林→含热带成份的常绿落叶阔叶混交林→常绿落叶阔叶混交林 ,生态结构复杂 ,特有成分突出 ,形成特殊的热带亚热带岩溶植物区系。岩溶区生态建设与植被恢复过程中 ,需遵循植被地带性分布规律 ,参照区域性顶极植物群落 ,进行人工群落的重建设计 ,选择优良乡土树种尤其是速生常绿阔叶树种 ,模拟天然植被构建先锋植物群落 ,乔灌藤草优化配置 ,针对生境异质性的主导因子 ,强化岩溶山地造林与封育管理技术 ,有效提高生物生产效率和植被覆盖率 ,开发特有适生的名特优产品 ,带动经济发展。

Guangxi is a region rich in abundant Karst vegetation and spe ci es,with 96 formations in 8 vegetation types belonging to 5 vegetation type grou ps From south to north are distributed: seasonal rain forest,evergreen deciduo u s broadleaved mix forest (containing tropic component) and evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest,which forms the special tropical subtropical Karst flo ristic because of the complex eco structure and the distinct particular flora c o mponent The natural vegetation is complicated and eco environmental type is mu l tiplicity In the planning of Karst ecosystem rehabilitation and vegetation reco n struction,it's necessary to obey the orderliness of vegetation zonal distributio n and to study the ecological conditions of each zone so as to carry out artific ial community rehabilitation design Base on the method and principles of ecolog i cal,rehabilitate the forest vegetation,to optimize the land internal using propo rtion,explore various effective models for sustainable regions development of Ka rst The human involved temporal and spatial sequences of different species col on ization into the succession processes of restoration are the key factors to the validity of restoration models According as the type of the barren hill and loc al weather pattern The key techniques and principles of plant sociology followe d in vegetation reconstruction in Karst region are: 1) to construct vegetation i n different zones according to zonal distribution pattern of natural vegetation; 2) to select excellent local tree species,especially the fast growing evergree n broadleaved tree species as main species for woodland reconstruction; 3) to si mulate natural vegetation structure to optimize the spatial combination of arbor ,shrub,grass and vine; 4) to improve the technology of afforestating by closing the land taking into account the heterogeneous environmental factors; 5) to dev elop new special local product to promote economic development and environmental improvement