基于GIS的黄河上游龙羊峡库区生态环境遥感监测研究

Detection of Ecological Environment Around Longyongxia Reservoir, the Upper Reach of the Yellow River by Remote Sensing and GIS

本项研究以黄河上游生态环境严重退化的龙羊峡库区为研究区 ,应用遥感与GIS一体化的方法 ,建立了库区生态环境动态监测信息系统。在系统的支持下 ,利用多时相、多波段TM遥感数据 ,对库区近十年来生态环境变化进行监测分析 ,揭示了库区土地沙漠化、水土流失、土地利用 /土地覆盖的现状 ,以及建库近十年来生态环境时空演化的过程与发展趋势 ,为库区生态环境治理提供科学依据。本项研究利用遥感和GIS技术 ,采用生态环境综合分类系统 ,在一次分类处理中通过多层次不同级别的组合获得了基于同一信息源的土地沙漠化、草场盖度、土地利用 /土地覆盖等多种环境类型信息 ,并利用环境信息模型对库区的土壤侵蚀进行了评价。基于GIS的分类后再处理使遥感分类精度有了一定程度的提高。研究表明 ,在GIS的支持下充分利用遥感信息监测与评价生态环境 。

In recent years, the ecological environment in the upp er reach of the Yellow River has been degrading due to both the global changes a nd the sharper contradiction between human and nature The ecological environme nt problems such as grassland degeneration, sandy desertification and water eros ion have seriously affected on the regional sustainable development In order t o protect and recovery the ecological environment in the upper reach of the Yell ow River, it is important to detect ecological environment with remote sensing a nd GIS The region around Longyangxia reservoir is chosen as a study site, whic h is one of the most seriously ecological environment degrading regions in the u pper reach of the Yellow River The ecological environment detection informatio n system in this area is established using remote sensing technology integrated with GIS, Based on the analysis of the multi temporal and multi spectral Lan dsat TM date with ancillary data in GIS, the ecological environment changes are detected for the period from 1987 to 1996 The result shows as manifested bello w: (1)The sandy desertified land has been increased and kept a sustainable deve loping situation The sandy desertified land has increased accounting for 71 5% of total study area, among which the very severe, severe, on going, and potent i al desertified lands account 15 2%, 1 9%, 14 4% and 68 9% of total sandy des ertified land, respectively The composing indicates that the potential, very s evere, and on going desertified lands are main parts in the Basin Sandy deser tification has intensified seriously from 1987 to 1996 (2)The very severe and severe water erosin are mainly distributed in this ar ea The soil erosion is one of the most serious ecological environment problems in this area, The serious soil erosion not only affects the regional ecological environment,but also endangers the security of Longyangxia reservoir (3)The land is mainly used for animal husbandry and rainfed agriculture,which are dependent on the primary productivity The structure of land use is unitr y and unreasonable, the grassland is degraded seriously from 1987 to 1996, which results in the desertificating and the decline of the land productivity So it is necessary and urgent to combat desertification and protect ecological e nvironment in the upper reach of the Yellow River