儿童血压轨迹现象的研究

Blood Pressure Tracking in Children

目的探讨儿重血压的轨迹现象,了解肥胖儿童对血压轨迹现象的影响。方法 于1996年9月份采用分层整群抽样的方法随机抽取合肥市某小学1年级学生作为调查对象,同时每年的9月份重新测量他们的血压及身高、体重、心率等相关变量,随访4年观察他们的血压变化趋势。结果不同性别的儿童血压无论收缩压和舒张压都表现为随着年龄的增加而升高的趋势,初查与后4年复查血压的相关系数,收缩压依次为0.1724,0.5173,0.2024,0.5779,舒张压为0.4347,0.3327,0.1669,0.1481。复查时间跨度愈小,相关愈明显。肥胖儿童与非肥胖儿童之间血压差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论儿童血压存在着明显的轨迹现象,肥胖是引起血压升高的重要因素,提示儿童期血压持续偏高及肥胖个体成年后可能成为原发性高血压患者。

Objective To study the relationship between obesity and the serial blood pressure measurements in children. Methods Two hundred and thirty-five Grade One pupils from Hefei City were included in the study and vital signs (blood pressure, height, weight, heart rate, etc. ) were measured once a year. A 4-year follow- up for them was performed to study the changes of blood pressure. Results Blood pressure gradually increased over time. A significantly positive correlation was found between the initial blood pressure and successive blood pressure values obtained during the follow-up. Correlation coefficients of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in year 1,2,3 and 4 in turn were 0.1724, 0.5173, 0.2024, 0.5779 and 0.4347, 0.3327, 0.1669, 0.1481, respectively. There was a stronger correlation if the time between measurements was shorter. There was significant difference in the blood pressure level between obese and non-obese children. Conclusions Obesity is associated with higher blood pressure. High blood pressure and/or obesity in childhood may be risk factors in the development of essential hypertension in adults.