奥斯汀言语行为理论的哲学背景

The Philosophical Background of Austin's SAT

奥斯汀的言语行为理论已经成为当今语用学的一个重要组成部分,许多语言学家和语言工作者孜孜以求,对它的内容、应用及现状等做了介绍,为言语行为理论的推广和发展做出了巨大贡献。本文试图将眼光从对理论的阐述上转移开来,深入到奥斯汀言语行为理论产生之前的哲学背景中去。事实上,从十九、二十世纪之交的哲学危机,到二十世纪三十年代的"语言学转向",以及逻辑学自身发展对其研究对象转变的客观需求等等,再加上奥斯汀本人对语言本质问题的哲学思考(其中包括布龙菲尔德、弗雷格和维特根斯坦等人的语言哲学思想),这些因素共同构成了奥斯汀言语行为理论错综复杂的哲学背景。

Nowadays,Austin's SAT has been the important portion of Pragmatics.For the purpose of popu- larizing and improving the SAT,many linguists endeavored to introduce its content,application and actuality etc.This article avoids expatiating the theory,but open out the philosophical background before Austin engen- dered the SAT.In fact,from the crisis of philosophy in the end of 19th century to'the Linguistic Turn'in the 30 years of 20th century,and the impersonal requirement of logic development,and Austin's philosophical thi- nk about the essence of language(including the philosophical thought of Leonard Bloomfield,Frege and Witt- genstein),these factors constitute the complicated philosophical background of Austin's SAT.