论全球化与地区发展之间的辩证关系——被动嵌入

Interdependent Relationship between Economic Globalization and Local Development: Obligated Embeddedness

全球化是当今世界发展的重要趋势之一。地理学家基本上都承认这种趋势正在对地区发展产生深刻的影响 ,但对具体影响还缺少比较一致的看法。在过去的 10多年中 ,国外经济地理学者主要借用社会经济学的思想和概念来为全球化下地区的作用来辩护。本文继承了这种学术思路 ,利用“嵌入”的思想建立了“被动嵌入”模型 ,来反映外资与地方制度环境之间的相互作用关系。“被动嵌入”模型表明 ,全球化是依赖于地方制度环境的一个过程 ,离开地区谈全球化是一种“理想主义”。另一方面 ,地区如何在全球化浪潮中获得益处取决于自身的知识创新与制度创新。

Globalization is one of the dominant tendencies in the development of the world. Although almost all geographers believe that globalization has profound impacts on local development, they have not yet reached an agreement on what the impacts may be, partly because globalization is an on_going phenomena and partly because local institutional environment that affects those impacts is diversified across countries and regions. During the last decade or so, economic geographers in the English_speaking world had taken approaches and notions mainly from economic sociology to argue for the role of localities in the age of economic globalization. This paper has followed such perspectives, and established a framework of 'obligated embeddedness' based on the notion of embeddedness to generalize the interactions between foreign direct investment and local institutional environment. The framework reveals that economic globalization is a process embedded in local institutional environment and it is a Utopia to look into globalization without serious consideration of localities. On the other hand, whether and how much localities can benefit from globalization depends on their own capability of knowledge innovation and institutional innovation.