青藏高原珍稀濒危药用植物的资源与保护

Resources of Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plants and Their Protection in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

本文介绍了青藏高原药用植物的资源概况,其主要特点为:1.野生药用植物资源极其丰富;2.名贵药材多,野生资源蕴藏量较大;3.藏医药发展有较大优势;4.药用植物的新品种、新资源多。本文分析了青藏高原药用植物的资源现状,提出了由于医药需求量增加造成开发过度,对高原药用植物濒危状况的研究与了解不够,保护措施乏力以及高原药用植物所固有的脆弱性等是濒危植物产生的主要原因,并为实施高原药用植物资源的可持续发展战略及采取相应的保护措施提出了建设性意见。本文特别指出应保护药用植物资源及与之密切相关的自然界的生态环境,以保证资源的永续利用,保存资源稀有和濒危的药用植物的物种遗传多样性,运用现代科学技术,加强珍稀濒危物种的种质保存,变野生药用植物为家种,扩大药用资源,提高现有药用植物资源的再生能力和内在质量,以保证药用需要。在保护行动中应提倡多学科合作,大力加强对高原药用植物重要种群的基础性研究。

This article presents the resources of medicinal plants in the Qinghai -Tibetan Plateau,which are characterized as follows:1.The resources of wilde medicinal plants abound;it is reported that2,004resource for traditional Chinese medicine and1,460species of medicinal plants can be found there;2.there are a large amount of rare and precious medicinal plants and a rich reserve of wild medicinal plants;3.there exists a great potential in the development of the Tibetan medicine;4.there is quite a lot of new species and recourses of medicinal plants.Analyzing the status quo of the resources of medicinal plants in the plateau,it holds that that the increasing demand for medicines has given rise to over-exploitation,that the inadequate study and understanding of the rare and dangerous situation of medicinal plants in the plateau have brought about the lack of their protection and that plateau medicinal plants have their inherent vulnerability mainly cause their rareness and danger.This article also offers constructive suggestions for the sustainable development and the protection of the resources of medicinal plants in the Plateau and especially emphasizes that the resources of medicinal plants and their closely-related natural ecological environment should be put under protection so as to ensure the sustainable utilization of such resources and conserve genetic diversity of rare and endangered species and that the reserve of the germplasms of rare and endangered medicinal plants shoald be strengthened by means of modern science and technology,thus possibly changing wild species of medicinal plants into cultivated ones in order to enlarge medicinal resources and enhance the reproductive ability and the internal quality of the existing resources of medicinal plants and ensuring the demand of drugs.In addition,multidisciplinary cooperation should be advocated and basic research on the major species of plateau medicinal plants be highlighted.