国外叙事学研究范式的转移——兼评国内叙事学研究现状

Paradigm shifts in narratological study

叙事学(Narratology)是一门年轻的学科,但从20世纪60年代开始至今,已经经历了研究范式的重大转移:从关注故事/话语的经典叙事学到今天的多元叙事学。近半个世纪的努力为叙事学建立了一套相当完整的批评术语和批评方法,但新叙事学要求对经典叙事学的术语和方法进行重新审视,同时要求将它们与新兴相关学科结合起来加以考察,从而大大拓展了叙事学的研究范式,使叙事学的研究进入了一个崭新的复兴时代。而国内目前仍主要采用经典叙事研究范式,这使对国外最新理论的引进、消化和评价工作显得尤为重要和迫切。

Young as it is, narratology has undergone major paradigm shifts since it came into existence in 60s last century: from story/discourse-oriented classical narratology to what we call plural 'nanatologies' today. Under plural narratologies, the classical set of terminologies, approaches and paradigms established in the past half century are re-examined in relation to the rising disciplines in other fields, thus significantly broadening the paradigms in narratological study and bringing it into an entirely new stage of pluralism. As the paradigm of classical narratology is still dominating domestic narratological study, it is of great importance to introduce, assimilate and evaluate the newest paradigms and approaches from outside China.