同根异枝 一脉相承——中国同宗民间乐曲散论(一)

A Prose on Chinese Folk Music of the Same Origin

源远流长的中国传统民间乐曲,千百年来之所以能不断演变和发展,其中一个重要原因,是许多乐曲在母体原形的基础上,通过纵横传播,派生出无数变体,遍布各地,使传统乐曲广泛流传,生生不息。笔者将一些由此地传播到彼地乃至全国各地,演变出犹如同一宗族,具有共性并有着“母曲”与“子曲”变体关系的若干首乐曲组合而成的网络,称为“同宗民间乐曲”。根据同宗乐曲的旋律、特性音调、主题、结构、调式等同中有异、异中有同的特点,按其纵横传播的文化环境及交流途径,大致分为“由母曲衍生”、“特性音调类似”、“音乐主题类似”、“音乐结构类似”、“民歌器乐化”、“源于宋元南北曲”等6种类型。本文对此作了概述,并对同宗乐曲的传播方式,变体产生过程中本土文化与异地文化的有机融合,以及同宗乐曲研究方法,做了一些探讨。

One of the important reasons that Chinese traditional fork music can continuously develop lor thousands or years is that fors or music is based upon the same origin, from which countless variations derived in the course of extensive spreading everywhere. In such a way, traditional music comes down. The variations in China form a network, which is called 'the folk music of the same origin' by the author. According to the musical features, spreading ways and its cultural environments, the author divides the variations into six types and gives a brief exposition. A discussion about the spreading ways of the folk music of the same origin and various cultures' organic blending in the course of producing variations is given.