尊祖敬宗、敦乡睦里——葬丧仪式中的音乐功能(一)

The Musical Function in Funeral

葬礼不仅体现着晚辈对祖先的怀念追穆,隐含着祈获先祖亡灵护佑的原始心愿,更重要的是:它是一个以血缘关系为纽带的宗法制社区中,确立祖先地位、平衡乡族关系、稳定邻里秩序的重要仪式。尊祖敬宗,敦乡睦里,是贯串于葬丧仪式中的精神主旨。此种场合中的音乐功能,也意在于此。古代繁缛的人生礼仪,随时代变迁而删繁就简,宗祠中的祭祖仪式,随着京畿宗族制度的淡化,渐与葬丧仪式合而为一。两类仪式中的音乐,即举哀致孝的曲目,族人聚集、风格祥和的曲目,保持着原有功能,并置于同一仪规之中。

Funeral shows not only the junior's memory to the eldership but also the primitive will for the bless from the soul of a deceased person. In a lineage community of consanguinity, the funeral is an important ceremony, which can establish the ancestor's status, balance the relationship between clans and neighbors. The gist of funeral ceremony is to respect to ancestors and to peace the neighbors. The musical function of funeral is to reach those purposes.