商业银行的中小企业信贷风险因素及其管理对策

A Study on the Credit Risk of Commercial Banks in SME Loans: Determinants and Managerial Strategies

中小企业信贷风险高被认为是造成其融资难的关键原因,也是商业银行信贷风险管理的难点之一。实证调查的结果表明,影响中小企业信贷风险的因素可归纳为企业、银行和环境三大方面十二个关键因素。就商业银行可控因素而言,应从内控机制等四方面入手化解中小企业信贷风险。但不同的被试类别对风险因素和策略表现出不同的看法。

In recent years, small and medium enterprises (SME) have received much attention from policymakers and researchers, in that these businesses are considered important in economic growth and job creation. At the same time, SMEs are facing major problems in securing external finance, which is regarded as restraining their development and growth. Loans from commercial banks are the main source of external finance for SMEs. But banks are reluctant to lend SMEs loans just because of their high risks. So, how to control loan risk becomes an important problem not only for banks, but also for policymakers. There are many factors that make loans to SMEs much more uncertain. Firms, banks and the external financing environment are studied in this paper. The most important characteristic defining SME finance is informational opacity. Asymmetric information between firms and banks creates adverse selection and moral problems in the credit market. Opportunistic behaviors of SMEs do great harm to the assets of commercial banks. SMEs` ability to repay their loans is usually poor. And they have little valuable assets to guarantee their debts. From the aspect of banks, risk factors can be concluded into five principal factors: relationship between banks and SMEs, knowledge of credit risk management, incentive mechanism, loan decision making control and moral hazard. The first three appear to be very low, which means poor risk management, but the scores of loan decisionmaking control and moral hazard are higher than average in our study, which is different from common knowledge. Financing environment also plays an important role in the risk of SME loans. Underdeveloped financial market and legal system may be the key macro determinants of SME credit risk, which is identified by most of the subjects. Policy is no longer the source of credit risk. In order to improve the quality of loans, banks should keep an eye on auditing loan decisionmaking process, finding ways to prevent losses while improving the effectiveness of incentive systems. Credit crunch is not thought to be a good choice. Difference analysis is executed in the study. Subjects are grouped according to area, ownership, and so on. Different opinions of subjects are shown in the article.