英国公共管理的教育和研究

British Education and Researches in Public Management

英国公共管理的教育和研究都发端于公共行政范式。伴随20世纪70年代末的新公共管理运动,英国公共行政范式面临严重危机,到90年代逐渐被公共管理范式所取代。英国公共管理教育具有明显的技能和实践导向,在课程设置和教学方法上与一般管理教育日益趋同;而英国公共管理研究则立基于经济学和管理学之上,中央和地方的公共治理问题成为目前英国公共管理领域的主要议题。

British education and researches in public management started from its public administration paradigm. In the British research of public sector, a public administration paradigm was set up in the 1920s and it experienced rapid development between late 1950s and 1960s, but the British education of public administration found it's beginning in British Polytechnics in the 1960s with a shorter history. Along with the New Public Management Movement that took place in the late 1970s, British public administration paradigm began to meet serious crises and challenges, under which British education and researches in public sector had to look for new directions and new theoretical and methodological foundations so that British education and research of public sector could be adapted to the New Public Management Movement in the rapidly changing era. Until early 1990s, in British education and research of public sector the public administration paradigm was replaced by the public management paradigm. After the paradigm shifted and under the new public management paradigm in the field of public sector research and education, British education of public management is technique and practice oriented. Its curricula and teaching methods are convergent with the general management education, which is more similar to the education of private sector management. At the same time, British research of public management is based on economics and management science and not on traditional political science. There are two programs in the researches of British public management today, one is managerialism focusing on introducing management methods and techniques from private sector to the public sector; the other is neoinstitutional economics focusing on introducing market mechanisms and competition frameworks to the public sector and its institutional arrangement and management. According to the new researching paradigm and the two dominant research programs in the British public management research, public governance is becoming the key issue in the field of British public management.