大型土建工程对景观美学环境的影响问题研究

The Impact of Construction Projects on Landscape Aesthetics

由于土木建筑工程具有公共性、大规模、长久性、基础性等景观特点,很容易造成对原有人文、美学环境的破坏。从杭州某立交桥及沿江大道工程对当地民众的视觉感受性调查研究结果中反映了当前在我国城市建设中严重的视觉景观影响问题。地域景观的视觉特质、形象主要取决于物的组成元素与其相互间的空间(尺度、规模)结构方式。同时,还要通过特定视点场所感受到的景观总体形象表达出来。组成结构与视点场的改变都会对景观特质的感受效果产生影响。因此,需要加强对工程建设的控制管理,维护城市良好的景观文化生态,创造良好的人居环境。

Since civil engineering construction tends to be public, large scale, longterm and fundamental, it easily brings destructive impacts on the city's cultural, historical, aesthetic environment and regional landscape. Based on investigations into the local residents attitudes toward the BJ overpass in the City of Hangzhou, the author notices problem of visual impact which is now very serious in the current municipal construction.The characteristics and portraits of regional landscapes are mainly determined by the elements that the construction is composed of and its spatial structural formation. At the same time, they should be expressed by an aggregate landscape image through certain visual points. The alteration of structures will impact the visual acceptance of the landscape as well as the visual points. For those sensitive public and active landscapes, attentions should not only be paid to the composed elements (or units) and changes of its spatial formation, but also to the underlying functions of such landscape formations and to their impacts on the viewer's spiritual power and on the evolution tendency of the cultural ecological value. This is important to landscape change, because there is a feedback loop between culture and the physical landscape and the culture structures landscapes: landscapes inculcate culture. It consists of landscape character's multiplicity, sequence and the integer's consistency of physical space range when we refer to city landscape's holism. Therefore, we can't analyze its elements only. The interaction of the elements must be considered, especially the interaction of the natural and cultural ones. At the same time, the dynamic coherence it presents should also be considered. Today's landscape is in part the result of the historical cultural values. It follows that today's construction will become future landscape, and reflect our collective values and beliefs in the environmental integrity. Therefore, in order to protect and develop urban landscape and culture, to maintain favorable landscape cultural ecology, and to create a better living environment, it is necessary to strengthen the landscape aesthetics protection control and management on civil engineering.