广州城市可持续发展及企业行为研究

Sustainable Development and Enterprise Behaviors in Guangzhou City

广州城市总体上朝可持续方向发展 ,但多呈现弱可持续发展状态。主要原因是经济增长牺牲了部分环境 ,具体表现在生活用水浪费、工业用水重复率低、工业粉尘排放量大、物质利用率低。企业是城市经济的实体单元 ,其环保意识和环保行为对城市可持续发展起着至关重要的作用。调查发现 ,企业的经营目标已转向利润最大化 ,但环境意识较薄弱。广州企业的环保行为表现出被动的特点 ,且环保投入比例过低 ,环保机构作用弱 ,多进行末端处理 。

This paper makes a comprehensive assessment of Guangzhou′s urban sustainable development, and analyzes its utilization of natural resources and energy. The results are: since the reform and opening up, Guangzhou City is advancing towards sustainable development, but it is at the expense of environmental degradation to some extend. The expressing problem of Guangzhou is that urban ecological system is being destroyed, which are prominently presented by the waste of living water; the lower reuse-rate of industry water; the huge emission of industrial dusts; and the lower use-rate of materials. Enterprises are the basic unit of urban economy, and their consciousness and behaviors of environmental protection are critical to urban sustainable development. According to questionnaires, the aim of Guangzhou′s enterprises has transferred to profit maximization, but their consciousness of environmental protection is too weak. As to their behaviors of environmental protection, Guangzhou′s enterprises are somewhat passive: their driving forces of investment on environmental protection are from Environmental Protection Law, the citizens′ suing, and the government regulations; their investment on environmental protection is too low; their environmental protection organ plays a less important role; they dispose pollution at the end stage of production.