我国主要驴品种亲缘关系研究

Study on affinity relation among main Chinese ass breeds

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE)检测了新疆驴、凉州驴、云南驴、关中驴、庆阳驴、佳米驴、德州驴、晋南驴 8个驴品种 2个血液蛋白质位点 ,并用座位平均杂合度、平均有效等位基因数度量了 8个群体的遗传变异程度。结果显示 ,新疆驴、凉州驴、云南驴的平均杂合度较高 ,分别为 0 .6 14 ,0 .6 0 1和 0 .4 93,平均有效等位基因数较多 ,分别为 2 .96 ,2 .85和 1.99。这 3个品种受人工选择影响小 ,遗传多样性好 ,而关中驴等 5个大、中型驴平均位点纯合度较高 ,受人工选育影响较大。用最小距离法对 8个驴种 2个血液蛋白质多型座位基因频率进行聚类的结果显示 ,8个驴品种分为 2大类 ,新疆驴、凉州驴和云南驴聚为一类 ,其中新疆驴和凉州驴的遗传距离最近 ;关中驴与晋南驴最先聚到一起 ,接下来与庆阳驴、德州驴、佳米驴依次聚到一起。这一结果与品种历史、生态地理分布以及驴种的传播路径相吻合。

Genetic variations of three donkey populations were estimated by using average heterozygosity and efficient alleles.The results showed that average heterozygosity and efficient alleles were higher in Liangzhou and Xinjiang donkey( H xinjiang donkey =0.614, xinjiang donkey =2.96,and H liangzhou donkey =0.601, Liangzhou donkey = 2.85 ).This showed that Xinjiang and Liangzhou donkey seldom had artificial selection and their genetic diversity were better.The minimum distance system cluster map of gene frequencies at 2 blood protein ploymorphic loci in 8 donkey breeds showed that the 8 breeds were classified as two groups.According to the results of blood protein polymorphism,Xinjiang donkey firstly spreaded to Liangzhou,Ganshu province (Todays Wuwei) and formed Liangzhou donkey.Then some of them spreaded to Ningxia,North of Shaanxi,Shanxi,Inner mogonolia,Liaoning and formed equivalent breeds.Some reached to Guanzhong plain across Ganshu province and lastly formed Guanzhong donkey.These donkies of Guanzhong district gradually distributed to middle and eastern district,formed larger donkey.Perhaps Yunnan donkey was largely affected by breed of south eastern and southern Asia.