背越式跳高弧线助跑技术理论和实践研究

Research on Theory and Practice of Curving Approach Skill in Back-style High Jump

背越式跳高技术能够充分发挥和利用助跑速度提高起跳效果,由于受传统跳高直线助跑理论的影响,对弧线助跑技术还存在模糊认识。通过对有关运动员技术进行三维解析得出:起跳效果与弧线助跑段步速并无直接关系,与起跳时身体重心水平速度呈现正相关;身体重心水平速度从弧线助跑到起跳变化值越大,起跳离地时所获垂直速度也就越大;身体重心在不断加速上升而使垂直速度不断增大。并据此采用步格和俯角15°斜板等手段,改善背越式弧线助跑技术,为提高运动成绩和进一步加深对技术动作特点的理解,提供理论和实践参考。

In back-style high jump the speed of approach can be brought into sufficient play and utilized to improve the effect of takeoff. Due to the influence of the traditional straight approach theory of high jump technique, the skill of curving approach was had but a hazy understanding. Through the three-dimensional analysis of the skills of the related athletes, a conclusion was drawn. There is no direct relation between the effect of takeoff and the pace during the curving approach. And there is positive relationship between the takeoff effect and the horizontal speed of the center of gravity of the body. The more this change from the curving approach to the takeoff is, the more the vertical speed acquired during the takeoff will be. The vertical speed is continuously increased because of the acceleration of the rising of the center of gravity of the body. On this basis, by applying step checkers and inclined boards with a 15°angle of depression the skill of the curving approach is improved so as to provide theoretical and practical reference for improving athletic performances and further deepening the understanding of the curving approach skill.