育果纸袋与膜袋在富士苹果上的应用研究

Studies on Application of Paper and Plastic Fruit Bags on 'Fuji' Apple

选择7种纸袋、8种膜袋进行了田间套袋比较试验。结果表明,纸袋套后果皮的退绿程度、果实硬度和花青苷含量分别极显著和显著优于膜袋,并且套纸袋的果面粗糙指数、果锈发生指数、黑点病发生指数均低于套膜袋的果实,可溶性固形物含量略高于套膜袋的果实。生产高档果品建议套纸袋,生产一般果品可选择膜袋。通过对7种纸袋物理性状的检测,表明外纸袋的湿抗张指数在4.2～5.8N·m·g-1之间,均未达到陕西省地方标准,外纸袋透气度为1.4～10.5μm·Pa-1·s-1之间,其中有4种透气度未达到省地方标准。内袋的纵向撕裂指数有6种未达到省地方标准,紧度有2种未达到省地方标准。富士苹果在除袋后17～27d内,当果实可溶性固形物含量达14%以上、硬度达到7kg·cm-2、果皮花青苷含量在总吸收度50%以上时是适宜的套纸袋果实采收期。

7 kinds of paper fruit bags and 8 plastic fruit bags were evaluated in apple orchards. Results showed that the green disappearing index, firmness and the content of cyanine of the fruits covering with paper bags were significantly higher than those with plastic bags, index of fruit rough appearance, occurrence of russet and black spot were lower than those with plastic bags. The content of soluble solids in fruit with paper bags were slight higher than those with plastic bags. Paper bags are recommended to use for producing top quality fruit, plastic bags for general fruit production. Physical characters of 7 kinds of paper bags were tested, longitudinal tensile (humi.) index of outer paper ranged from 4.2 to 5.8 N·m·g-1, all beyond the local standard in Shaanxi. Venting of outer paper were in 1.4～10.5 μm·Pa-1·s-1 in which 4 kinds of paper bags were below the local standard. There were 6 kinds of inner paper bags that were below the local standard in longitudinal tearing index, 2 kinds of inner paper bags in tension. It is the optimal harvest period when 'Fuji' apple paper bag was removed 17～27 days later, the content of fruit soluble solid, firmness and cyanine reached to 14%, 7 kg·cm-2, and 50% total absorption respectively.