司法的特质与理念

The Characteristics and Idea of Judicature

通过语义分析和道德分析 ,认清司法的含义包括实体法律的适用和程序法律的适用两个方面 ,前者确认权利 ,后者救济权利 ;司法的特质正在于公正 ,包括程序法适用上的公平 ,即公平地对待所有的权利主体 ,实体法适用上的正义 ,即将义务作为其权利的手段 ,视权利保障为司法的最高追求。司法理念作为司法人员对法律本体、法律价值等的理性认知 ,是司法公正的主观基础 ,公正的司法要求司法人员必须以权利为主导 ,正确处理各种法律价值的关系。

Through semantic and ethical analysis we can understand that the judicature is actually to entail two aspects: the application of the material law and procedure law, the former of which ensures the affirmation of the rights and the latter provides the legal relief. The nature of the judicature is to affirm impartiality which includes the application of legal procedure, i.e. justifiably treating all the holders of the civil rights and of the application of the material laws including regarding obligation as a means of guarding one's right and the guarantee of the civil rights as the supreme goal of the judicature.