魏晋南北朝时期的豪族与游侠

The Local Nobilities and Roaming Chivalrous Swordsmen in Wei-Jin and Southern-Northern Dynasties

游侠兴起于战国,兴盛于西汉,于东汉时衰败。魏晋南北朝时期,由于战乱,民不聊生,国家政权衰微,游侠又有了适宜生长的土壤。游侠豪族以及任侠的豪杰,都活跃在历史舞台上。游侠豪族或建立自己的武装,或依附于各路豪杰,在战乱中建功立业。豪族中的佼佼者发扬轻财重义、互助互利的传统,在共同体内担当了领导责任。以侠扬名的豪杰,靠信、义招聚民众与勇士,成就大业。游侠、豪族、豪杰的行为,共同促进了魏晋南北朝义文化的发展。

The roaming chivalrous swordsmen appeared in the Warring States Period, multiplied in Western Han Dynasty and disappeared in Eastern Han Dynasty. The WeiJin and the SouthernNorthern Dynasties saw the great increase of swordsmen due to the fact that this was a period of wars and turmoil during which the people suffered a lot and the power of the state was on the decline. Roaming swordsmen and local nobilities either organized their army or attached themselves to some others and they made great feats in the wars. The most outstanding nobilities, who were characterized by their generosity and heroic deeds, took the responsibility as leaders in those organizations. Those heroic people, who were known for their chivalry, credibility and righteousness, were able to enlist the help of the people and heroes in their communities. The roaming chivalrous swordsmen, local nobilities and heroes promoted the sense of righteousness in WeiJin and SouthernNorthern Dynasties.