北宋中央控驭地方的派出机构——路

The lu in Northern Song Dynasty

北宋建立后为了加强对地方的控制,改变唐末以来地方权力过大的现状,对地方体制进行了变动。逐步取消节度使的财政、军事、司法权力,同时在地方采取中央派出机构来管理地方的模式,将全国划分为若干路,形成了以转运使司、提点刑狱司、提举常平司、安抚使司为主的路级机构,除安抚使由所在路的首州知州兼任外,其他三司号称"监司",作为中央的派出机构,代表中央管理地方,加强了中央对地方的控制。在中国地方行政机构从二级制向三级制的转变中起着承上启下的作用。

The local government had more and more power since later Tang Dynasty. In order to change this situation and keep control over the local government, rulers of Northern song Dynasty made great changes to the local administrative system. As a result, Jiedushi's power in finance, military affairs and judicature was weakened. At the same time, a new government system was set up, according to which the whole country was divided into a number of lu's, which include zhuanyunshisi, tidianxingyushi, tijuchangpingshi and anfushi, among which the power of anfushi was assumed by the head of capital zhou (prefecture) and the other three played only supervisory roles. All of them were the outgrowth of the central government, which exercised the power of the central government to control local government. This system functioned as a link between the twolevel system and threelevel system. 