石涛的屈原情结与双重人格

Shi Tao's Qu Yuan Complex and His Dual Personality

作为明朝遗民的艺术家石涛,从人生开始,便纠结上一个根深蒂固的"屈原情结":恋君与自恋。南明政权远逝后,石涛的恋君意识必然让他寻找更现实的依托,这便有了他的两次接驾和北京之行。自恋在艺术家那里表现为自我价值的肯定与夸大,它导致"恋君"的无法实现。失宠愈加激发自恋,这种循环作用下的矛盾,是引发痛苦、导致呻吟的病灶。石涛表现为嘲弄传统、藐视权威,以此显露自我。纵观石涛的艺术观,其核心就是创新,创出一个"我法"来。这是他不甘寂寞的入世精神在艺术上的具体表现。"屈原情结"的本质是功名意识,它是造就中国文人艺术家人格分裂的基本原因。

Shi Tao, as an artist and adherent of Ming Dynasty, was born with a 'Qu Yuan Complex': a combination of loyalty to the emperor and narcissism. After the collapse of Ming Dynasty, Shi Tao's loyalty to the emperor was unavoidably instantiated by his more practical pursuit, which resulted in his meeting the emperor two times and his trip to Beijing. Narcissism was manifested in an artist in the form of the assertion and amplification of selfvalue, which came in conflict with his loyalty to the emperor, leading further to his being out of favor with the emperor. In turn, this further led to the inflation of his narcissism. As a result, he suffered a lot. To project his individuality, he belittled tradition and authority. In general, Shi Tao's artistic idea can be described as the pursuit of originality and uniqueness. This is the artistic manifestation of his involvement in worldly affairs. His Qu Yuan complex is in essence characterized by his yearning for official rank and fame, which is the very cause of dual personality of many Chinese artists. 