动词重叠式及其功能的历史发展

The Historic Development of the Verb Overlapping and Its Function

动词重叠式有状态形容词功能型和动词功能型两类。动词重叠的状态形容词功能从先秦到唐五代一般由VV担当,唐宋开始,VV的状态形容词功能逐渐减弱,其状态形容词功能逐渐转向以V1V1V2V2行使为主。动词功能型重叠式唐代开始萌芽,清代发展成熟,相继出现VV、V一V、VO一V、V了V、V了一V和V1V2V1V2、V1V2一V1V2、V1V2O一V1V2等多种形式,其中VO一V、V1V2一V1V2、V1V2O一V1V2等式逐步消失,其他各式行使动词功能,至今未变。是否有或可以有"一"、是否有轻读,可以看作区分动词重叠式是动词功能型还是状态形容词功能型的形式标记。

The verb overlapping is classified into the state-adjective-function type and the verb-function type. The former was played by VV from Xianqin Period to Wudai Dynasty. After the beginning of Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, the VV state adjective function lessened step by step and turned mainly to be played by V1V1V2V2. The latter began to sprout in Tang Dynasty and grew prosperous in Qing Dynasty, with which such forms appeared as VV, V-V,VO-V,V了V,V了-V,V1V2V1V2,V1V2-V1V2 and V1V2-V1V2. Among them VO-V, V1V2-V1V2 and V1V2O-V1V2 disappeared gradually while all the other verb functions remain unchanged. The mark '一' or a light tone can be regarded as the formal mark of the distinction between the two classes of the verb overlapping: the verb-function type and the state-adjective-function type.