混栽杨树-刺槐间磷素养分转移途径的研究

Phosphorus transfer between mixed poplar and black locust seedlings

应用32 P同位素示踪法 ,人工接种VA菌根菌 (Glomusmosseae) ,对种植在根箱中的杨树 (Populuseuramericanacv .‘I 2 14’)和刺槐 (Robiniapseudoacacia)苗木进行了树种间P素养分转移途径的研究 .结果表明 ,5室根箱中 ,接种VA菌根菌的杨树一侧 ,菌根侵染率为 34% ,根箱隔网另一侧的刺槐根系侵染率为2 6 % ,而对照的杨树和刺槐根系侵染率均为零 .在杨树一侧施放射性同位素32 P ,施用后第 14～ 2 7天 ,刺槐一侧的放射性同位素值 ,处理显著高于对照 (P <0 .0 5 ) .在根箱中的杨树和刺槐根系间观察到菌丝连接 ,表明人工接种VA菌根菌能在杨树和刺槐根系间产生菌丝桥 ,菌丝桥可以在杨树和刺槐根系间传递P素 .养分转移定量分析表明 ,根系接触和根系分泌物是树种间P素转移的主要途径 ,其转移P素量占转移总量的 6 2 % ;菌根菌等微生物活动及其与根系接触和根系分泌物两种途径的交互作用占 38% ;菌丝桥通过隔网发挥的作用仅表现为一种趋势 .

In this paper, the 32P radio-tracer technique was applied to study the ways of phosphorus transfer between poplar (Populus euramericana cv.'I-214') and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). A five compartment root box (18cm×18cm×26cm) was used for testing the existence of the hyphal links between the roots of two tree species when inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae). Populus I-214 (donor) and Robinia pseudoacacia (receiver) were grown in two terminal compartments, separated by a 2 cm root-free soil layer. The root compartments were lined with bags of nylon mesh (38μm) that allowed the passage of hyphae but not roots. The top soil of a mixed stand of poplar and black locust, autoclaved at 121℃ for one hour, was used for growing seedlings for testing. In 5 compartment root box, mycorrhizal root colonization of poplar was 34%, in which VA mycorrhizal fungus was inoculated, whereas 26% mycorrhizal root colonization was observed in black locust, the other terminal compartment, 20 weeks after planting. No root colonization was observed in non-inoculated plant pairs. This indicated that the mycorrhizal root colonization of black locust was caused by hyphal spreading from the poplar. Test of tracer isotope of 32P showed that the radioactivity of the treatment significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05), 14 days from the tracer applied, to 27 days after, when VA mycorrhizal fungus was inoculated in poplar root. Furthermore, mycorrhizal interconnections between the roots of poplar and black locust seedlings was observed in situ by binocular in root box. All these experiments showed that the hyphal links was formed between the roots of two species of trees inoculated by VA mycorrhizal fungus.Four treatments were designed according to if there were two nets (mesh 38μm), 2 cm apart, between the poplar and black locust , and if the soil in root box was pasteurized. Most significant differences of radioactivity among four treatments appeared 44 days after feeding 32P, the radioactivity of the day was applied to estimating the contribution of the various possible transfer ways to the total amount of nutrient transfer.Level of 32P radioactivity was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in leaves of the treatment of 'no separated and soil non-pasteurized'(17.1 pulse·g -1·s -1) than in leaves of 'net separated and soil non-pasteurized' ( 5.3 pulse·g -1·s -1),and also significantly higher in leaves of 'no net separated and soil pasteurized'( 11.5 pulse·g·s -1) than in leaves of 'net separated and soil pasteurized' (2.3 pulse·g -1·s -1), and very significantly (P<0.01) higher in leaves of 'no net separated and soil non-pasteurized' than in leaves of 'net separated and soil pasteurized',whereas the levels of 32P radioactivity were not significantly different between the other treatments.The results showed that root contact and root exudations were the main ways of phosphorus transfer between the two species and the amount of phosphorus transfer through these two ways accounted for 62% of the total.The activity of the microorganisms including VA mycorrhizal fungi and the interaction between the microorganisms and root contact and root exudations made up 38% of total amount of phosphorus. The effect of mycorrhizal hyphal links in the direct nutrient transfer between poplar and black locust through separate mesh (38μm) was little.