隐孢子虫介水传播与在水环境中存在水平

Waterborne way and existing level of cryptosporidium in water environment

介绍了隐孢子虫的生活形态、致病症状和介水传播特点,及卵囊在水环境中存在水平和对饮用水安全的威胁;提出了以饮用水为媒介导致隐孢子虫病暴发流行的控制屏障碍环节和防治方法.隐孢子虫是一种致病的肠道寄生原虫,可引起腹泻,目前尚无特效疗法,对于免疫功能缺陷者会危及生命.以水为媒介是隐孢子虫病感染人体的重要传播途径.英美等国隐孢子虫病暴发流行的事件表明,以饮用水为媒介造成隐孢子虫病暴发流行的危险性最大.调查结果表明,水环境中存在隐孢子虫卵囊传染源的可能性较大,存在水平较高;在饮用水供水系统中也检测出隐孢子虫卵囊.隐孢子虫卵囊抗灭活能力极强,氯等消毒剂和一般剂量不能将其杀死.传统的饮用水处理工艺及消毒方法不能有效地祛除隐孢子虫.根据我国目前饮用水处理工艺技术水平,及水源污染和供水水质现状,存在介水隐孢子虫病暴发流行的隐患极大.有必要采取多屏障控制措施,特别是采取臭氧和紫外线等可靠灭活工艺,防止介水隐孢子虫病暴发流行.

Cryptosporidium is a pathogenic protozoan parasite by which diarrhea can be caused. It may threaten the lives of immunocompromised populations, and there is no specially effective cure so far. One important transmission way of Cryptosporidium infecting human is through water. Many Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks through drinking water system in US and UK indicate that water is the most dangerous medium of Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks. The investigation results show that there is a great possibility to find the infectious source of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water environment, and the level is higher. Cryptosporidium oocysts are also found in potable water supply system. Cryptosporidium oocysts have such strong ability to resist inactivation that conventional disinfectants and doses could not kill them. Traditional drinking water treatment processes and disinfection could not remove Cryptosporidium effectively. There is a great hidden danger of waterborne Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in China according to the drinking water treatment process technique, water sources contamination and present water quality situation. It is necessary to take multidefence controlling measures, especially ozone and ultraviolet inactivation processes so as to avoid the outbreaks of waterborne Cryptosporisiosis.