追肥运筹对优质小麦产量和品质的影响

Effect of top-dressing on grain yield and quality of winter wheat

在青州市东夏镇薛庙村进行了追肥运筹对面包强筋小麦济南17产量和品质的影响研究。结果表明,在试验各处理的基肥种类和用量均相同的情况下,追施不同种类肥料对优质小麦产量和品质的影响各不相同。追施N90kg/hm2与不追氮比较,小麦产量增加579.0kg/hm2,增产11.1%;蛋白质和湿面筋含量分别增加1.3和2.3个百分点,稳定时间提高10.0min。在追施N90kg/hm2或N90kg/hm2、K2O60kg/hm2的基础上,追施P2O530kg/hm2与不追磷比较,小麦产量增加334.5～409.5kg/hm2,增产5.9%～7.1%,但对小麦品质影响不明显。在追施N90kg/hm2和P2O530kg/hm2的基础上,追施K2O60kg/hm2与不追钾比较,小麦产量基本无差异,但追施钾尤其是硫酸钾更能提高面团稳定时间,可提高面团稳定时间1.5～2.5min。

Topdressing experiment conducted in Dongxia site indicated that based on basal application of N 97.5kg/hm2, P2O5 105kg/hm2 and K2O 52.5 kg/hm2, topdressing affected grain yield and quality remarkably. Topdressing of N 90 kg/hm2 increased yield by 579.0kg/hm2 (11.1%), protein content and wet gluten content increased by 1.3 and 2.3 percentage point, respectively, and dough stability increase was 10.0min. Based on topdressing of N 90 kg/hm2 or N 90kg/hm2 and K2O 60kg/hm2, topdressing of P2O5 30kg/hm2 increased yield by 334.5～409.5 kg/hm2 (5.9%～7.1%), but its effect on wheat quality was not obvious. On the contrary, based on topdressing of N 90 kg/hm2 and P2O5 30 kg/hm2, yield increase by topdressing of K2O 60kg/hm2 was not found, but effect of topdressing potassium fertilizer on some wheat quality index was significant, for example, dough stability increased by 1.5 to 2.5min by K2SO4 dressing.