镁与糖尿病

Magnesium in diabetes mellitus

糖尿病具有镁缺乏的倾向 ,可能与糖尿相关的高尿镁症、营养因素以及高胰岛素血症相关的高尿镁症等因素有关。已证明 ,血浆镁水平与胰岛素敏感性呈负相关 ,补充镁可提高2型糖尿病病人的胰岛素敏感性及胰岛素的分泌 ;但是 ,并未证明在 1型糖尿病及 2型糖尿病病人中口服补充镁对其血糖控制具有有益作用。对糖尿病易感大鼠口服补充镁可减少其发病。与无视网膜病变的病人相比 ,有 (严重的 )视网膜病变的病人血镁水平降低。前瞻性研究表明 ,血镁水平与视网膜病变的发生发展呈负相关 ,进一步研究补充镁预防 2型糖尿病及视网膜病变的进展 ,并作为降低高血压的一种方法 。

Objective A tendency for magnesium deficiency in patients with diabetes mellitus is well established. Glucosuria related hypermagnesiuria, nutritional factors and hyperinsulinaemia related hypermagnesiuria all can contribute. The plasma magnesium level has been shown to be inversely related to insulin sensitivity. Magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity as well as insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, no beneficial effects of oral magnesium supplementation has been demonstrated on glycaemic control either in patients with diabetes type 1 or 2. Oral magnesium supplementation reduced the development of type 2 diabetes in predisposed rats. Patients with(severe) retinopathy have a lower plasma magnesium level compared to patients without retinopathy and a prospective study has shown the plasma magnesium level to be inversely related to occurrence or progression of retinopathy. Further study on magnesium(supplementation) is warranted in the prevention of type 2 and of(progression of) retinopathy as well as a means to reduce high blood pressure.