科研“二八律”与企业、政府科技行为

The Two-eight Laws of Science Research and the S & T Behavior of the Government and the Enterprise

文章在国内首次提出了科研“二八律”的概念 :2 0 %的大企业研发对一个国家或地区的技术进步贡献率约为 80 % ,其他企业和大学、独立科研院所 (国家实验室 )、非营利机构的研发对技术进步的贡献率约为2 0 %。阐述了科研“二八律”形成的原因 ,一是价值规律 ,二是社会分工 ,这是一种客观规律 ,不以人的意志为转移。企业只有遵循科研“二八律”,加大研发力度 ,才能掌握技术主动权 ;政府只有遵循科研“二八律”,大力培养科研主体——企业技术中心 ,把有限的科研资源投入到科研效益最好的地方 ,抓住科研重点 ,才能有效促进科技和经济发展。

The article brings out the Two-eight Laws of Scientific Research for the first time in the country: twenty percent of big enterprise have the contribution of eighty percent of S & T results.The paper analyses the main causes for Two-eight Laws:the first is the value law, and the second the society division of labor. Only by following the Two-eight Laws can the enterprise take an active role in the technologic development.The government should also obey the Two-eight Laws and fully support the technologic development of enterprises.