正常胎儿颈项皮肤厚度的超声检测

Study on nuchal skin thickness of normal fetal by ultrasonography

目的 探讨正常胎儿颈项皮肤厚度及其变化的声像图特征。方法 使用 7.5MHz探头经腹超声对 90 0例不同孕周正常胎儿颈项皮肤进行声像图观察及超声测量。结果 孕 2 7周前正常胎儿颈项皮肤只能显示全层 ;≥ 2 7周可显示表皮真皮层和皮下组织层。厚度范围 :( 1.18± 0 .0 5 )mm ( 10周 )～( 6.0 1± 0 .46)mm ( 4 0周 )。全层及各层均随孕周增加而增厚 (全层皮肤 :r =0 .973 ,P <0 .0 0 0 5 ;表皮真皮层 :r =0 .911,P <0 .0 0 0 5 ;皮下组织层 :r =0 .85 5 ,P <0 .0 0 0 5 )。颈项皮肤全层厚度与胎儿双顶径有高度相关性 ( r=0 .964 ,P <0 .0 0 0 5 ) ,男、女胎儿之间差异无显著性意义 ( P >0 .0 5 )。结论 确定正常胎儿颈项皮肤声像图变化规律和厚度的正常范围 ,可为国内开展产前超声筛查某些染色体异常胎儿提供诊断方法和参考依据。

ObjectiveTo explore ultrasonographic featurs of nuchal skin of normal fetus in its thickness and changes.MethodsThe thickness of nuchal skin of 900 normal fetal was measured by abdominal ultrasound with 7.5 MHz probe.ResultsThe nuchal skin only displayed whole layer before pregnant 27 weeks. After pregnant 27 weeks, the derma and subderma layer was distinguishable, the whole thickness of nuchal skin was ( 1.18 ± 0.05 )mm (10 weeks) to ( 6.01 ± 0.46 )mm (40 weeks) in normal fetus. All layers of nuchal skin were increased proportionally with gestation [r= 0.973 (whole layer), P< 0.000 5 ;r= 0.91 (superficial skin to dermal layer), P< 0.000 5 ; r= 0.855 (sub dermal layer),P< 0.000 5 ]. There was a high correlation between the whole thickness of nuchal skin with biparietal diameter (BPD) of fetus (r= 0.964 ,P< 0.000 5 ), there was no correlation between sexes(P> 0.05 ).Conclusions The abnomal chromosome of fetus could be sifted by the thickness of nuchal skin and the character of sonographic image. It′s a useful diagnostic method for eugenics.