南水北调东线工程能否使血吸虫病疫区北移的研究 I.南水北调山东受水区钉螺生存能力的研究

Study on the viability of Oncomelania hupensis on irrigation network in Shandong Province after reversion of Yangtze River to arid northern part of China

目的 为了解南水北调工程建成后 ,日本血吸虫中间宿主钉螺能否在输水干渠途径的山东微山湖区生存繁殖 ,形成新的有螺区。 方法 采用现场螺笼放养定期观察和试验室光镜、电镜观察相结合的方法 ,在济宁设点对疫区钉螺生存繁殖能力进行了实验研究。 结果 放养在湖区的钉螺 3、6、9、12、15和 18个月后死亡率依次为 14 .2 9%、35 .33%、83.33%、95 .18%、98.84%和 10 0 % ,每只雌螺平均产卵量为 15 .95个 ,孵化率 32 .5 0 % ,但幼螺在 15 0d内死亡 ,电镜观察旅居济宁 6个月 (越冬 )的成螺雌雄生殖腺 ,见其萎缩 ,生殖细胞减少、精子变性 ,从而导致生殖机能减退。 结论 旅居济宁的钉螺由于受当地温度、土壤等因素影响 ,难以正常生存繁殖 。

Objective In order to understand the probability of survival and propagation of Oncomelanin hupensis in Weishan lake area,Shandong province after Yangtze River to Arid North Province in China. Methods The observations were made on the survival and proportion of the Oncomelanin hupensis in Weishan lake region. Results The results showed the death rates of 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 months were 14.29%,35.33%,83.33%,95.18%,98.84%,and 100%.Every female Oncomelanin hupensis produced 15.95 eggs and hatching rate of eggs was 32.5%.The survived rate of young Oncomelanin hupensis was zero in 150 days.The glands of adult Oncomelanin hupensis living in Weishan lake were observed by light and electron microscope. Conclusion They showed the glands of adult Oncomelanin hupensis shrunk. The number of cell glands reduced.It were difficult for Oncomelanin hupensis to make probability of survival and propagation by temperature and soil in Weishan lake area.