利用新模式—离体植物组织平皿法筛选农用抗生素杀真菌剂的研究

STUDIES ON A NOVEL MODEL FOR SCREENING AGRICULTURAL ANTIBIOTIC FUNGICIDE

利用离体植物组织平皿法这一新型筛选模式,我们从3000株待测放线菌菌株中筛选出了11株产抗菌株,并对其中四株链霉菌进行了深入研究(S-64,S-113,S-683,S-921)。由这些菌株产生的抗生素,每种都能够有效地抑制20多种真菌的生长;其中大多数为植物病原真菌。温室植株—病原菌接种复筛和广泛的田间试验都已表明,这些抗生素杀真菌剂能够有效地防治玉米小斑病,棉花枯萎病,苹果树腐烂病和梨黑星病。同时,这些抗生素对酸、碱、光、热处理有效好的稳定性。各种试验结果证明了“离体植物组织平皿筛选法”是一种简便易行、高效率、高特异性的农用抗生素杀真菌剂筛选模式。

In order to select agricultural antibiotics successfully with the characteristics of strong selective toxicities to phytopathogenic fungi, better permeability to plant tissues, good stability in the sun-light exposure, heat, acidic or basic conditions, a new screening model, the 'living plant tissue-peri dish test' was designed and adopted in our researches. By using the model, out of 3000 actinomycetes 11 strains were picked out, 4 strains among them were systematically sudied (named S-64, S-113, S-683, S-921). More than 20 different fungal species, most of them were phytopathogens, could be inhibited by each kind of the antibiotics. The antibiotics also showed desirable stabilities in the experimental conditions. The 'living plant tissue-petri dish test' had been proved to be a very convenient, high efficient and throughput novel model for agricultural antibiotic-fungicide screening.