论明清之际启蒙学者对“家天下”的批判——中国政治文化研究之四

Ming-Qing Enlightenment Scholars' Criticism on the "Family-Governed Monarchic Country"-the Study of China's Political Culture (Ⅳ)

在中国古代 ,君主专制的现实决定了“家天下”为君、臣、民共同认可的观念。作为中国政治文化的特征 ,历史上对它的指责代有其人 ,但进行全面而深刻的批判是明清之际启蒙学者。其中以黄宗羲、顾炎武、王夫之三人的主张最具代表性 ,他们的批判达到了当时社会历史条件下同时代人难以企及的高度。

In an absolute monarchy,all people from monarchs to officeholders and subjects accepted the ideology of “family-governed monarchinc country”,which was one of the features of the political culture in ancient China.Although such an ideology had been under various attacks before,the comprehensive and profound criticisms were from the Ming-Qing enlightenment scholars including the three standouts of Huang Zongxi,Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi.As a matter of fact,these three scholars were far beyond their contemporaries in such criticism.