骨性颈静脉孔区的显微解剖学研究

Microanatomical study of the bony jugular foramen region

目的 研究骨性颈静脉孔区的显微解剖 ,为影像医学和手术入路的选择提供形态学资料。方法 肉眼和手术显微镜 (16倍 )下观测 3 1例 (62侧 )成人头颅干标本的颈静脉孔 (jugularforamen ,JF)及毗邻结构。结果 ①JF位于颞、枕骨之间 ,左、右两侧无统计学显著性意义 ;②JF外口与星点、茎突根部的间距分别为 [(5 4 11± 4 4 0 ) (45 2 0～ 65 2 8) ]mm和 [(1 88±1 62 ) (0 0 0～ 7 2 4 ) ]mm ;③髁管出现率为 72 5 8% (45侧 ) ,分别开口于JF(73 3 3 % )、乙状窦 (17 78% )、舌下神经管 (2 2 2 % )及前 3个结构之间 (6 67% )。舌下神经管开口呈双管状 8 0 6% (5侧 )。

Objective To provide morphological basis for medical imaging and the selection of operation approach by studying microanatomy of the bony jugular foramen(JF) region. Methods The JF and its adjacent structures of 31 adult dry skulls were observed and measured under naked eye and operative microscopy(×16). Results ①The JF lied between the petrous part of temporal bone and occipital bone. The mean values for dimension of JF were statistically with no significant. ②The distances from extracranial orifice of JF to asterion, root of styloid were [(54 11±4 40)(45 20～65 28)]mm, [(1 88±1 62)(0 00～7 24)]mm. ③In our material condylar canal can be seen in 72 58%.It opens in JF(73 33%),Sigmoid sinus(17 78%),hypoglossal canal(2 22%)or the area among the forementioned structures(6 67%). The intracranial opening of hypoglossal canal was divided into two channels in 8 06%.Conclusions The anatomical parameters of JF and its adjacent structures are useful for imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of JF diseases.