隔岸遥望的乡村世界——试论鲁迅乡土文学独特的创作视角

Watching Rural World from the Other Side in the Distance——On the Special Writing Visual Angle of Lu Xun's Works About Native Soil

根深蒂固的乡土情结及其独特的乡土经历决定了一个不容回避的事实:鲁迅本人并不熟悉乡村,并不熟悉普通农家生活。在眷恋与热爱、忧患与焦虑、怨怒与叛逆、孤独与苦闷的乡土情结的驱策与引导下,鲁迅在其乡土文学作品中不避矛盾地选择了隔岸遥望式的创作姿态。因此从某种意义上说,鲁迅乡土小说指向的接受主体并非农民,而是城市的读书人。也正是这种独特的创作视角,使鲁迅比其他乡土文学创作者对中国乡土农村有着更加清醒的认识和更加深刻的批判意识以及更加复杂的情绪感受,表现出迥异于前人与他人的更为持久和深沉的乡土关怀。

The strong native soil complex and unique experience make the fact that Lu Xun is unfamiliar with countryside and the life of common peasant family. Under the drive of native soil complex such as deep yearning and love, resentment and rebellion, consideration and anxiety, depression and solitude, Lu Xun used the special writing visual angle in his literary works about native soil that watching hometown in the distance from the other side of the river. So in a sense, the intentional readers of Lu Xun's text on native soil are not peasants but intellectuals in city. Because of the unique writing visual angle Lu Xun not only has more sober understanding, more profound critical sense and more complicated feeling to Chinese countryside than other writers, but also shows longer and deeper solicitude for native soil than predecessors and others.