马克思论货币形式的历史发展及其二重效应——打破高级货币形式的经济学神话

Marx’s View on the Historical Development of Monetary Form and Its Dual Effect: Breaking the Economic Myth of High-Level Monetary Form

在货币发展史上,货币形式经历了从商品货币到金属铸币再到纸币和信用货币的发展过程。在金融市场无比发达的今天,金融工具的不断创新又创造出令人眼花缭乱的越发高级的货币形式。马克思着重强调了货币形式发展的社会基础,并点明其社会效应存在着二重性。高级的货币形式虽然能对经济发展起到促进作用,但仍无法克服商品货币关系本身固有的矛盾,甚至会将这一矛盾推向更高水平,增加经济体系的不稳定性。由此,马克思打破了高级货币形式的经济学神话,建立起社会性、历史性视角下独特的货币形式理论。基于这一理论,我国在货币与金融政策的制定上应当审慎看待层出不穷的高级货币形式,发挥其优势的同时谨防货币与金融不稳定的深化。

In the history of currency development,the monetary form has gone through the development from commodity currency,metal coin,paper money,then to credit currency.In today’s highly developed financial markets,the continuous innovation of financial instruments has created dazzling and more advanced monetary forms.Marx emphasized the social basis of the development of monetary form and pointed out the duality of its social effects.Although advanced monetary form can promote economic development,it cannot overcome the inherent contradiction of commodity-currency relationship.Moreover,it even pushes this contradiction to a higher level and increases the instability of the economic system.Thus,Marx broke the economic myth of advanced monetary form and established a unique theory of monetary form from a social and historical perspective.Based on the theory,China should be cautious about the emergence of high-level monetary forms in the formulation of monetary and financial policies,play their advantages,and guard against the deepening of monetary and financial instability.