渤海国上京龙泉府宫城遗址苔藓植物物种多样性

Species Diversity of Bryophytes in Miyagi Relics of Shangjing Longquanfu,Parhai State,China

渤海国上京龙泉府遗址是我国中古时期东北地域规模最为宏大的遗址,也是展现唐代都城整体风貌的罕见大遗址,具有不可替代的科考价值。为全面掌握遗址核心保护区宫城址苔藓植物多样性,在9个样点设置45个样方共采集216份标本,采用Excel 2010和R语言3. 5. 1软件统计苔藓植物的物种组成、生境类型及相似性系数、α多样性指数和水分生态类型,结果如下:(1)样方内共记录苔藓植物35种,其中苔纲1种,藓纲7科17属34种;优势科为青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、真藓科(Bryaceae)和绢藓科(Entodontaceae);优势种为长帽绢藓(Entodon dolichocucullatus S. Okam.)、尖叶青藓(Brachythecium coreanum Card.)、北地扭口藓(Didymodon fallax Hedw.)等。(2)生境类型主要为墙面生(40. 00%)和石生(28. 89%),其次为土生(17. 78%)和树附生(13. 33%);墙面生与石生物种相似性最高(38. 71%),树附生与其他生境物种相似性为零。(3)α多样性指数为墙面生>石生>土生>树附生。(4)水分生态类型只有旱生植物、中生植物和湿中生植物,以中生植物占优势(51. 43%)。研究结果将为遗址的有效保护提供基础资料和科学依据。

Relics of Shangjing Longquanfu of Parhai State is the largest site in northeast region in medieval times,which demonstrate the style and features of Tang Dynasty. However,researches about bryophyte diversity in special relics habitats remain rare. The miyagi relics is the core of protection,and it has irreplaceable scientific value. In order to fully understand the diversity of bryophytes,a total of 216 specimens were collected from 45 quadrats at 9 sampling sites. Species composition,habitat types,similarity coefficient,α diversity indexes and water ecological types of bryophytes were analyzed by adopting Excel 2010 and R 3. 5. 1. Main results were as follows:(1) the 35 species were recorded in total,including 1 in Hepaticae and 34(17 genera,7 families) in Musi. Dominant families were Brachytheciaceae,Pottiaceae,Bryaceae and Entodontaceae.Dominant species were Entodon dolichocucullatus S. Okam.,Brachythecium coreanum Card. and Didymodon fallax Hedw. etc.(2) Habitat types were wall(40. 00%) and rock(28. 89%),with soil(17. 78%) and tree(13. 33%) habitats took second place. Similarity coefficient was the highest between wall and rock(38. 71%),while the value was zero between tree and other 3 habitats.(3) Values of Patrick,Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indexes were wall > rock > soil > tree.(4) Water ecological types were only xerophyte,mesophyte and phreatophyte, in which mesophyte(51. 43%) was dominate. Above research findings have important significance and will provide basic data and scientific basis for effective protection of the miyagi site.