诗话勃兴于宋代的条件与成因

On the Condition and Cause of Poetics Springing up in Song Dynasty

诗话之典型形态出现于宋代 ,有着深刻的社会历史的、文化的、文学本身等多种肇因。宋之文人地位较高 ,文学批评著作在宋代目录学中地位的上升与独立 ,说明宋人的文学批评是一种高度自觉的文学批评 ;宋诗的崛起是从评说、咀嚼唐诗 ,了解、品味唐人轶事开始 ,这一切都凝结为诗话之作 ;文体发展到宋代 ,进入了一个黄金时期 ,古文大家们带头躬行于被一些人视为卑格的笔记、诗话等 ;官学系统以及各地书院的建立和蓬勃发展 ,在客观上恰好满足了人们对教育的需求 ;宋代刻书、造纸业的发达 ,使当代及前代众多典籍得以广泛传播 ;宋人在藏书读书的量上超过前人 ,而知识的丰富使得宋人有了更多的自信和炫耀展示自己才学的意识。“以才学为诗” ,“好议论” ,事实上也催生了“诗话”。

The typical form of miscellaneous comments on poems appeared in Song dynasty, which had quite a few profound reasons in society, history, culture, literature itself etc. Literati had a rather high status in Song. The rising and independent position of the literature criticism in bibliography in Song dynasty showed that the literature criticism of Song was a kind of highly self-conscious literary criticism. The rouse of Song poem began with reviewing and appreciating Tang poem, comprehending and tasting anecdotes of Tang scholars. All of the above-mentioned were generalized into some kind of works like miscellaneous comments on poems. Style entered into a golden period when it developed to Song dynasty. The classical Chinese great masters themselves took the lead of writing something like miscellaneous comments especially on poems. The system of official schools, the foundation and rapid development of the local academy objectively met the people's needs for education. The flourish of lettering and paper making, made numerous contemporary and classical documents and literature widely spread. The amount of books that Song scholars read and collected was much larger than that of those before them, so the rich knowledge made Song scholars had much more confidence and the consciousness of boasting their scholarship. In fact, 'Versifying with scholarship 'and 'Enjoy commenting' also hastened the birth of miscellaneous comments on poems .