凯恩斯学派财政政策实践及借鉴

Practice of and Lessons from Keynesian Fiscal Policy

凯恩斯学派认为,资本主义世界之所以会发生经济危机,其原因在于有效需求不足,在有效需求不足时,应实行赤字财政政策。从20世纪30年代开始,以美国为首的西方主要资本主义国家纷纷实行凯恩斯学派所倡导的赤字财政政策。但长期推行赤字财政政策,导致财政赤字剧增和经济陷于"滞胀"局面。自1998年起我国所实施的积极财政政策,实质上是扩张性的需求管理政策。在我国产业结构转型和升级问题正日益突出的背景下,客观上要求财政政策必须从原来的需求管理为主转向供给管理为主。

According to Keynesian School, the basic cause for economic crisis is insufficient effective demand. Therefore, the government should take fiscal measures when encountering insufficient demand. Since 1930s, following the US, most western countries have implemented fiscal policies advocated by Keynesian School. But the Keynesian practice in such a long period has brought many problems such as vast fiscal deficit and stagflation in many countries. Since 1998, the Chinese government has taken the expansionary fiscal policies, which in fact are expansionary demand management policies. In the background of structural adjustment and upgrading, China should change its fiscal policies from demand-oriented to supply-oriented.