熔盐电解法制备纳米碳管及纳米线

Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanowires by Electrolysis in Molten Salts

以LiCl、LiCl+SnCl2 等为熔盐电解质 ,采用电解石墨的方法制备了纳米碳管和纳米线 ,并运用TEM、XRD、EDS等分析手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,熔盐成分对电解产物的形态和性质有显著影响 .在LiCl熔盐中可得到直径为 75～ 10 0nm的纳米碳管 ;在LiCl+1.0 %SnCl2 熔盐中可生成 β Sn填充的纳米碳管 .XRD测试表明 ,电解制备的 β Sn纳米线经氧化处理后在碳管内可转变为SnO2 ,其晶体结构为四方晶系 ,直径为 2 0～ 5 0nm .电解过程中Li+ 在石墨阴极上反应生成的LiC6化合物对纳米碳结构的形成具有重要作用 .

Carbon nanotubes and metal nanowires were formed in situ during the electrolysis of graphite cathode using LiCl, LiOH and LiCl/SnCl2 melts as electrolyte, respectively. The structure and morphology were characterized by TEM, XRD and EDS analyses. TEM images showed that the prepared materials varied with the nature and composition of the melts. Carbon nanotubes were formed electrolytically in the LiCl melt with the diameters in the range of 75 similar to 100 nm, but beta-Sn-filled carbon nanotubes were generated in molten LiCl + 1.0% SnCl2 mixtures. Followed by subsequent oxidation in the air, beta-Sn nanowires were converted into SnO2 in carbon nanotubes, which was identified by XRD analysis. The obtained SnO2 nanowires were of tetragonal structure ranging from 20 similar to 50 nm in diameter. It was implied that the occurrence of LiC6 produced from cathodic reactions bad significant influence on the formation of carbon nanostructure during electrolysis.