宋诗的白话倾向比较探源

A Study of the Origins of the Vernacular Tendency in the Poetry of the Song Dynasty

宋诗存在着明显的白话倾向。虽然在先唐诗歌中就有白话的情形,但还不够普遍,尚未成为一种倾向。在唐诗中白话渐成趋势,王梵志诗是这方面的代表。从外部比较作考察,汉语诗歌的白话倾向是世界文学尤其是梵语诗歌作用于中国文学的结果。佛经的翻译为一大媒介,宗教的发展促成了诗歌的白话倾向。从内部比较作考察,宋诗的白话倾向还具有深刻的内部原因,这就是道的兴盛,欧阳修道盛文至说为其理论表达。

There exists a universal tendency of vernacularization in the poetry of the Song Dynasty. Such phenomenon occurs also in the poetry of the Pre-Tang Times. Since it does not occur universally, we cannot call it a tendency. In the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, the phenomenon gradually becomes a tendency with the poems written by Wang Fanzhi as a model. As examined from the angle of the external comparison, the vernacularization of Chinese poetry is the outcome of the influence exerted by the world-literature, especially by the Sanskrit poetry. The translation of Buddhist sutras serves as the main medium, and the development of religions furthers the tendency. As examined from the angle of internal comparison, there is the intrinsic cause even deeper than all the external causes in the vernacularization of the poetry in the Song Dynasty, namely, the rising and prosperity of Tao. This is the doctrine put forth by Ouyang Xiu, which generalizes the tendency theoretically. 