试论阿尔泰语系各族民居内部格局的相通性

Tentatively on the Inner Structure Similarity of Various Nationalities' s Folk Houses of Altai Language Family

阿尔泰语系各族传统民居共有三种基本类型:仙人柱、蒙古包、草房-瓦房。这三种民居虽然在外形上各不相同,但内部格局却有着惊人的相似之处:1.门均朝向日出的方向;2.室内均分为三个铺位,其中与门相对的铺位均为神灵-尊者位,门两侧的铺位均为家人之位;3.火塘均位于居室的正中央。究其原因,笔者认为这与阿尔泰语系各族共同的信仰——萨满教有关,具体地说是与萨满教中崇日、崇火、崇天等习俗有关。

There are three basic types, Tipi,yurt and straw house with tile- roofed ,in the traditional folk houses in various nationlities of Altai Language Family, which are in different outer shapes, but have amazing similarities as follows: 1. the doors are all towards the direction of sunrise;2. there are three beds in the room,and the room opposite to the door is always God,place of respectable man,the beds aside the door are the place of family people; 3. the five is in the middle of room. Why are they so? The author thinks that's related with their common beliefs to Shamanism,and concretely say ,with the custom of sun cult , fire cult,sky cult and so on.