盐矿安全问题及环境污染的防治

Safety Problems and Environmental Pollution Control in Salt Mine

我国水溶开采岩盐的回采率较低 ,主要是由盐井事故 (如卤水渗漏、地面冒卤等 )引起的。盐矿旱采残渣堆存地面 ,水溶开采中顶板跨塌、冒卤 ,卤水输送过程中管壁渗漏等对土壤造成污染 ,可采用种植耐盐植物、客土和深翻的方法进行改良。卤水对区内地表水污染 ,造成某些水域中氯化物含量超出农用灌溉水标准 ,可将制盐废水用于水溶回采和生产化工产品的原料 ,氯化钠含量较高的废水可回收其中的盐分 ;制盐过程空气中飞扬的盐尘 ,可采用旋风除尘器除尘 ,车间内也可用水喷洒处理 ,采用种植耐盐植物净化车间周边空气。岩盐矿床常伴生天然气 ,其在卤水中有一定的溶解度 ,可采取多次预热的方法实现气卤分离 。

The recovery rate of rock salt by water leaching is rather low due to salt well accidents such as bittern leakage, bittern effuse. The soil may be polluted by residual stack, bittern effusion due to roof collapse in salt well and leakage from bittern pipeline. Raising salt-resistant plants, covering the soil with guest soil and deep digging are suitable methods to improve the polluted soil. The surface water in some area may also be polluted by bittern making the concentration of NaCl exceed the standard for crop irrigation. Salted wastewater could be reused in leaching or as raw material for some chemical process. As to the wastewater very rich in content of NaCl, it could be used to recover the salt in it. The salt dust in workshop could be collected by cyclone dust collector or by water spraying. The ambient salt dust around the workshop may be purified by raising salt resistant plants. The rock salt deposit usually coexists with natural gas, which could be separated by repeated heating, and could be used as the energy power.