曲折与发展:美国少数族裔教育政策初探

Stagnating and Developing:The Preliminary Exploration on American Education Policies for Ethnic Minorities

美国自1776年建国以来,少数族裔教育政策的发展始终处在迟缓发展甚至停滞的状态,终于在20世纪60年代民权运动之后迎来了迅速发展,特别是在21世纪之后,大量的联邦法律和政策,充足的资金支持,再加上诸如纽约市的预先准备项目(Prep for Prep)、德州的"前10%计划"(10 Percent Plan)等众多地方性项目和政策,构成了美国当前联邦和地方上下联系、保护与鼓励相互结合的少数族裔教育体系。从美国的政策之中能否获得一些重要的启示,是本文研究的重要课题。因此,重点分析了美国少数族裔教育政策的整体情况,并结合美国的经验进行了深入的思考。

Since the foundation of the United States in 1776,the American education policies had been in the state of stagnating,and embraced a great leap in 1960 s featuring the civil rights movement. After the year of 2000,the federal laws and policies,sufficient financial support and so much local programs such as Prep for Prep in New York,10 Percent Plan in Texas,constitute the American education system for minorities nowadays that is characterized by the combination of federal and states,and cooperation of protection and encouragement. Thus,this thesis mainly analyses the whole situation of American ethnic minority,and hope to procure some important inspirations from American experience.