清朝的北疆巡边措施

The Institutions of Inspection Tour in the Northern Border of the Qing

早在康熙年间清朝政府为防范沙俄侵占中国领土在北疆采取"卡伦"和"察边"两种巡查边界的措施,并在实施过程中逐步形成了较为完善的管理制度。清政府深知两种巡边措施所隐藏的利与弊,但受当时的人力和财力等客观局限,选择了两种措施同时并用,互补长短的办法,力求巩固边防。清代的巡边措施之得与失将为当今的边防建设提供更加丰富的经验和教训。

Early in the Kang- xi period,the Qing govemment took measures of 'blocking' and 'border inspection' to prevent Tsarist Russia from occupying Chinese territory,and during which a somewhat complete management system formulated gradually.Knowing clearly pros and cons of the two and limited by labor forces and finance,Qing government took the measure of using both.Failure or success of this measure provides us today an abundant of experiences and lessons.