民国时期新疆蒙古族人口分布状况及数量

Mongolian Population Distributed Status and Quantity in Minguo period

民国时期,新疆蒙古族的分布基本沿袭了清代统一新疆后的格局。1919年,阿尔泰划归入新疆,由此,阿尔泰地区的蒙古族也成为新疆蒙古的一部分。关于民国时期新疆蒙古族的数量,各种文献的记载差异甚大,少者5、6万,多则30万。本文逐一对各种文献所载的人口数量进行分析,并利用档案资料证明,民国新疆蒙古族人口约在13万左右。纵观民国近40年间,新疆蒙古族人口数量有较大波动,并且总体上人口数量增长不大,这主要与当时新疆动荡的局势有关,同时,医疗水平的落后、疫病的流行,以及喇嘛教的因素,也对制约了蒙古族人口的增长。当然,由于游牧民族的流动性,以及限于当时人口普查的手段、方法等,也导致民国时期新疆蒙古族人口数据有较大的起伏和波动。

Population distribution and number of Xinjiang Mongols in Minguo(1912- 1949) period In Minguo period,,Population distribution of Xinjiang Mongols carried on as the time after the Qing empire united Xinjiang.Inl919,Altai were included in Xinjiang territory,so the Mongols in Altai became part of Xinjiang Mongols.About population size of Mongols in Xinjiang,documental records were deference,from 50,000 or 60,000 to 3,000,000.This paper analyzed to many kinds of records and proved that in that period population of Xinjiang Mongols were about 130,000.Within 40 years at that time,population size of Mongols in Xinjiang did not increase a lot.The increasing of Mongolians were restricted by poor medical treatment and belief of Lamaism.Because of migration of nomadic people and limitation of census,the data of Mongolian population during Minguo period were rise and fall.