再论五世生钦活佛多布栋策楞车敏的身世和历史地位

A further investigation into the pedigree and historical status of the Fifth Sengchen Lama Touveden Tseren Chophel

五世生钦活佛是民国新疆史上众说纷纭的著名历史人物,国内外学术界和蒙古族民间对其身世、出生年份的看法至今讹误颇多,对其历史地位的评判更是大相径庭。布彦蒙库与他是同父同母兄弟,而非长期误传的同父异母或同母异父兄弟。布彦绰克图有四子、五世生钦活佛为其第四子这一错误说法,实则源于《新旧土尔扈特诸汗和诺颜世系表》对次子五世生钦活佛最初的法名"洛桑策楞车敏"的不同译音。布彦绰克图根本没有通常所说的四子,五世生钦活佛自然不可能是第四子,更非政敌们指控的私生子。布彦蒙库夫妇均系因病去世,五世生钦活佛并非谋杀他们的凶手。个别人指控他是民族分裂分子,对他全面丑化甚至妖魔化,乃是误读史料、曲解事实的结果,并无任何可靠依据。他是值得歌颂的进步改革家,为土尔扈特做出了重要贡献,从未从事过任何民族分裂活动。

The fifth Sengchen Lama was a famous dignitary in the history of Xinjiang.The opinion of the academic circles of China and foreign countries has divided about his pedigree,birth year,life and historical status.Actually,he was the second son of Jorigt Khaan Buyanchoktu and his wife Sertborgaldan.He was born in the second half of 1887 and Buyankeshig was his secular name who was recognized as the reincarnation of the Fourth Sengchen Lama in 1890,When he arrived in Lhasa to pursue his study in 1893,he was renamed Lobsan Tseren Chophel as his religious name by his tutor.In 1905,Dalai Lama who lived in exile in Outer Mongolia recognized his legal status as Living Buddha,so his religious name changed into Touvden Tseren Chophel.He finished his study in 1906 and went back to Sin Kiang in 1907 from Tibet.Both he and Buyanmonkh,his only elder brother,was borne by the same parents rather than different father or mother.The argument that Buyanchoktu had four sons and the Fifth Sengchen Lama was his fourth son was due to different translations of the original religious name of the Fifth Sengchen Lama.In fact,Buyanchoktu had only two rather than four sons,therefore,it is impossible that the Fifth Sengchen Lama was his fourth son.The reason why some scholars argued he was an illegitimate son by his mother and a so—called Tibetan lover is due to mistaken understanding of historical resources.Both of Buyanmonkh and his wife died of illness,so they were not assassinated by the Fifth Sengchen Lama.The reason why one or two scholars accused him of being a separatist is due to misunderstanding of the historical resources.Actually,he was a praiseworthy reformer rather than a deplorable separatist.