元代吐蕃高僧与畏兀儿的关系述论

A Study of the Relationship between Tibetan Eminent Monks and Uighurs in the Yuan Dynasty

有元一代,蒙古贵族尊崇藏传佛教,萨迦五祖八思巴被敕封为帝师,其后继者世袭帝师之职,在政府的扶持与资助之下,藏传佛教在全国范围内获得了极大的发展。河西地区临近青藏高原,也是吐蕃高僧前往中原地区的必经通道,生活在河西地区的畏兀儿人最先接触吐蕃高僧。同时,大批畏兀儿人陆续迁入中原地区,在元朝享有较高的政治地位,成为辅佐元朝一支主要的政治力量。一批文化素养较高且受到蒙古统治者信赖的畏兀儿知识分子学习藏语,以充当皇室贵族与帝师之间的翻译。此后,许多畏兀儿佛教徒师从吐蕃高僧修习喇嘛教,成为信仰与弘传藏传佛教而闻名的高僧大德。

In the Yuan Dynasty,the Mongolian aristocrat revered Tibetan Buddhism.Basiba,the 5th patriarch of the Sayka School was confered as imperial teacher and his successors inherited his title.With the support and grant from government,the Tibetan Buddhism dramatically developed all over the country.Adjacent to the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau,the Hexi Region was the necessary passage through which the eminent monks of Tibet could go to the Central Plains,so the Uighurs in the region were the first to get in touch with these monks.At the same time,numberous Uighurs immigrated to the Central Plains sucessively.They enjoyed high politicalstatus and became a major political force to assist the Yuan Dynasty.A number of Uighurian scholars who had high cultural accomplishment and were trusted by Mongolian ruler acted as the interpreter between imperial aristocracy and teacher.Later on,many Uighurian Buddhism believers learned and practiced the Lamaism from the Tibetan eminent monks and they themselve became eminent monks or great virtues to believe and propagate the Tibetan Buddhism.