洪武本《华夷译语》鞑靼来文汉字音译规则

The Hongwu edition "Hua-I-I-Y·(华夷译语)" Tartar text's Chinese characters phonetic rules

洪武本《华夷译语》只有蒙古译语一种,由译语和来文两部分组成。《华夷译语》收有鞑靼"来文"12篇,这些来文没有蒙古文原文,只有汉字音译蒙古语、汉文旁译和总译部分。《华夷译语》鞑靼"来文"体例与《蒙古秘史》类似。在蒙古语语法的标记法,音译汉字用法等方面,《华夷译语》鞑靼"来文"与《蒙古秘史》有相同之处,·也有不同的地方。《华夷译语》鞑靼来文汉字标记蒙古语最明显的特点有:一是,《华夷译语》鞑靼来文明显按照口语的形式标记蒙古语,因此,汉字用字明显受蒙古语口语的影响。二是,《华夷译语》鞑靼来文中,对蒙古语语法中助词接续法的标记与《蒙古秘史》中的汉字标记法基本相同。对有些助词的标记稍有出入。三是,《华夷译语》鞑靼来文的译音汉字用字,与《蒙古秘史》的译音汉字用字有所差别,《华夷译语》鞑靼来文汉字用字只考虑音译,不涉及义译。而《蒙古秘史》则音译之外,不论名词、动词,有可附以意译者,辄选用音义相同之字。

The Hongwu edition 'Hua-I-I-Y ?(华夷译语)' has only Mongolia translation.It consists of translation and Tatar text.The Hongwu edition 'Hua-I-I-Y ?(华夷译语)' included 12 articles in Tartar text.These Tartar texts are not Mongolian text.It only has Mongolian transliteration of Chinese characters,Chinese side translation,ad position description.There are three most obvious characteristics of Tartar text marks Mongolian.First,The Hongwu edition 'Hua-I-I-Y ?(华夷译语)' Tartar text's obviously marks Mongolian in oral Mongolian.The second,in 'Hua-I-I-Y ?(华夷译语)' Tartar text,The auxiliary connection method's marking in Mongolian grammar is similar with the Chinese characters marking method in 'The Mongol Secret History'.The third,'Hua-I-I-Y ?(华夷译语)' Tartar text's Chinese characters using in transliteration is different from 'The Mongol Secret History'.'Hua-I-I-Y ?(华夷译语)' Tartar text's Chinese characters using only considers transliteration,don't involve semantic translation.But in 'The Mongol Secret History',in addition transliteration,it uses the same words in pronunciation and meaning whether a noun or a verb as long as it can use free translation.