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围绕医疗改革的美国政治新自由主义和新保守主义之争——两党旗帜之下的贫富和意识形态对立 被引量:3

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摘要 本文分析了围绕奥巴马所推动的医疗改革所展开的政治斗争与美国政治传统的密切联系。由建国初期的美国党派和意识形态对立演变而来的民主党和共和党的两党政治格局,在20世纪初,发生了意识形态的大转换。民主党从白人种族主义和倾向社会上层的立场转向关注社会下层和黑人的立场,而共和党则从代表黑人利益和进步主义立场转向倾向工商阶层和社会上层的立场。这种意识形态和党派对立格局,一开始就与医疗制度的建立和改革息息相关。从罗斯福新政开始的联邦政府层面的医改政治争论,主要是作为现代自由主义的政治新自由主义与保守主义的争论。在政治上表现为民主党与共和党之间的政治斗争。自从民主党政府于20世纪60年代建立了医疗保健和医疗救助项目以来,两党意识形态对立转变为政治新自由主义与新保守主义的对立。从此,围绕进一步的医疗改革,展开了政治新自由主义与新保守主义之间的政治角力。奥巴马实行倾向中间道路的政治新自由主义政治策略,成功地实现了以政府干预为导向,使绝大部分居民享有医疗保险的改革,使得两党的意识形态斗争发生了倾向民主党和政治新自由主义的微妙变化。这种政治意识形态的两极对立与西欧的政治意识形态多极交叉的格局迥然不同。
作者 张纯厚
出处 《美国问题研究》 CSSCI 2010年第2期89-106,207,共21页 Fudan American Review
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  • 1张宇燕,富景筠.当代美国的腐败——数据、案例与机理[J].国际经济评论,2006(6):19-25. 被引量:10
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  • 8Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar, "Probe Exposes Flaws behind Healthcare.gov Rollout," AP News, July 31, 2014.
  • 9Patricia Zengerle, "Most Americans Oppose Health Law But Like the Provisions," Reuters, June 24, 2012.
  • 10"As Health Care Law Proceeds, Opposition and Uncertainty Persist," Pew Research Center, September 16, 2013.

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