美国民粹主义“敌人”情结根源及其对特朗普内外政策的影响——基于美国族裔政治视角的分析

Sources of the “Enemy” Complex in American Populism and Its Effects on Trump’s Domestic and Foreign Policies

美国存在两种民族主义,即'文化论'民族主义和'信念论'民族主义。前者的特点是排他性的、封闭性的,源于美国的定居主义传统;后者的特点是包容性的、开放性的,源于自由主义传统。'文化论'民族主义是美国民粹主义'敌人'情结的根源;民粹主义'敌人'情结在美国族裔政治中体现得最为充分。美国族裔政治中的民粹主义'敌人'情结一直对其内外政策产生影响,这种影响在特朗普内外政策上表现得尤其明显。

There are two types of nationalism in the United States,namely,the culture-based nationalism and the belief-based nationalism. While the former one is based on the settlerism tradition in a closed and exclusive society,the later one is based on the liberal tradition in an open and inclusive society. The'enemy ' complex in American populism stemming from the culture-based nationalism is extremely embodied in the ethnic politics in the United States.Accordingly,the 'enemy'complex embodied in the ethnic politics does have long lasting effects on the U.S. domestic policies as well as its foreign policies,in particular on the Trump Administration’s policies.