“勉强大国”与“中等强国”:美加北极关系析探

Reluctant Power and Middle Power: Analysis of U.S.-Canadian Arctic Relations

近年来,随着北极地区战略价值的提升,美国和加拿大都加强了对这一地区的战略规划和政策实践。但分别来看,美国的全球战略议程中北极事务排名靠后,只能算是'勉强的北极大国';加拿大在北极地区则拥有重要的利益和独特的情感,充分展现了'中等强国'的特征。基于这样的身份定位和特性,美加北极关系呈现出了两方面的内容:一是互补性,如在军事安全、环境保护、科学考察等方面展开了深入合作;二是差异性,如在波弗特海划界、西北航道法律地位、北极治理优先议程等问题上尚存分歧。特朗普上台后,虽然还没有专门针对北极问题发表看法或采取行动,但从其一系列政策调整中可窥见相关动向和趋势。这将给美加北极关系带来新的变数,需予以进一步关注。

As the value of Arctic region increased gradually,the U.S.and Canada have strengthened the Arctic policies and practice in recent years.Separately,Arctic affairs is not so important in U.S. ’s global strategy,it is just an'reluctant Arctic power';while Canada has important interests and special affection in Arctic region,so show the characteristics of 'middle power'. In these identities and characteristics, the U.S.-Canadian Arctic relations present two aspects: one is complementarity,they have been carried out cooperation in the fields of military security,environmental protection and scientific research;the other one is differences,there are divergence in the Beaufort Sea delimitation,legal status of the Northwest Passage and priority issue of Arctic governance. Since Trump came to power,he has not expressed views or taken actions on Arctic issues,but we can see the relevant trends from his policy adjustments. Which will bring new variables to the U.S.-Canadian Arctic relations and need to closer attention.