美国参与国际规则制定的历史经验及其启示

The Historical Experience and Enlightenment of U.S.’s Engagement in Shaping the International Rules

对于美国参与国际规则制定的实践,本文拟从两次世界大战间期、第二次世界大战后、冷战后三个阶段来考察。通过这三个阶段的考察可以发现,在美国崛起为霸权国的不同阶段,参与国际规则制定的形式不尽相同。两战间期的美国受制于自身能力,注重价值观推广和隔离美洲。第二次世界大战后的美国注重大国协调和国际机制建设,在此之外,组建联盟,主导国际规则。冷战后,美国在新领域的规则创制上想要掌握主导权,却缺乏创新;在旧机制变革上又缺乏主动性,体现了守成大国维护自身利益的特点。本文从美国参与国际规则制定的实践与历史经验入手,比较中美两国在崛起过程中参与国际规则制定面临的国际国内环境,在此基础上分析中国参与国际规则制定的现实条件、制约因素和可以吸取的经验教训。

This paper intends to study the practice of the United States in the formulation of international rules from three periods,Interwar Period,Post World War II and Post-Cold War.We can find that the United States appear different forms in shaping international rules during the different stages in the rise for the hegemony.In the Interwar Period,United States are confinedto focus on norms promotion and isolation of the America because of limited strength.After World War II,the United States focused on the major power concert and the construction of international mechanisms,in addition,the United States attached importance to military alliances for leading the formation of international rules.After the Cold War,the United States wants to take the lead in new issue areas,but lack of innovation and legitimacy.The United States also lacks initiative in changing old mechanisms in some areas for maintaining their own interests.Through comparing the international and domestic environment in which China and the United States are involved,This paper tries to analyze the real conditions and constraints of China’s participation in international rule-making.